11/21/2022 0 Comments Brahma yamala tantra pdfMany Indian and Western scholars have understood the ‘force’ of Haṭhayoga to refer to the effort required to practice it. "This essay was prompted by the question of how Haṭhayoga, literally ‘the Yoga of force’, acquired its name. This conclusion further suggests that, contra the theories of a “substratum” or a total Buddhist dependence on Śaivism, f) the shared religious observances (vrata) of these two groups are the product of a common Zeitgeist of antinomian practice in and around charnel grounds wherein (as is in evidence throughout Indian religious history), groups shared a common vocabulary of terms and rites to which they gave their own distinctive inflections, and in which the borrowing was mutual. Specifically, close attention to the available literature suggests that the semiology of the early Śaiva observance differs significantly from that of the early Buddhists as outlined in b), and that the nature of the Buddhist and Śaiva variants further suggests that e) a distinctively Buddhist semiology came ultimately to exert a profound influence on the later Śaiva understanding of the rite (and, indeed, their understanding of Tantric practice in general) after the ninth century. It will also show d) that this term of art is also common to the contemporaneous non-dual Śaiva Tantras of the Vidyāpīṭha, and that the patterns of usage across the two traditions suggest an alternative way of understanding the interaction of these communities. It further argues b) that close attention to the semiotics of the rite reveals a very clear ritual intent that is evident throughout the Buddhist literature, and c) that the sources explicitly (if somewhat obliquely) stress that this rite is appropriate only in quite specific and elite ritual contexts with very specific prerequisites. This paper aims to demonstrate that, contrary to how it has generally be construed in studies of the Tantras, caryā/caryāvrata/vratacaryā does not refer to "tantric practice" or "post-initiatory practice" in the generic, but is rather a) a highly specific term of art in the literature of the Buddhist Mahāyoga and Yoginī Tantras, signifying a very precise undertaking.
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